Articles For The Pharmaceutical/Biotech Industry

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	PB1) MF59: A potent oil em...
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PB1) Large scale preparation of liposome supplements for cell culture media, Babcock, M.S., Fischer, H.D., Presented at the Congress on Cell and Tissue Culture meetings June (1993).

Subject: Using Microfluidizer® equipment to develop a new process for making liposome supplements capable of supporting the serum-free growth of CHO cells expressing recombinant proteins.
Conclusions: "The Microfluidizer® can generate hundreds of milliliters per hour of 10,000-fold concentrated, uniformly-sized, submicron liposomes. The lipid supplements retained their submicron size and ability to support serum-free growth of CHO cells for periods exceeding several months following preparation. This has proven to be an economical and simple approach to support serum-free large-scale culture."

PB2) Liposome encapsulated hemoglobin: a red blood cell substitute, Zheng, S. and Beissinger, R. J. of Liposome Research, 3:#3 pp 575 (1993).

Subject: Artificial blood.
Conclusions: substantiates reduction of the vesicular size by passing the mixture 10 times through a M-110 at 14K psi.

PB3) Efficient entrapment of solutes in microfluidized small dehydration-rehydration liposomes, Gregoriadis, G. and Florence, A.T. Liposome Technology, (1993).

Subject: Dehydrated-rehydrated (DRVs) liposomes.
Conclusions: "Here we describe a method by which microfluidization of solute containing DRVs produce smaller liposomes (down to 100nm in diameter) which retain up to 100% of the originally entrapped solute. These preparations are more economical and potentially less toxic. The narrow distribution of final vesicle size must reflect the nature of the production process."

PB4) Hemoglobin multiple emulsion as an oxygen delivery system, Zheng, S., Zheng, Y., Beissinger, R.L., Wasan, D.T., McCormick, D.L., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1158 (1993).

Subject: Artificial blood. Describes the process using the Microfluidizer® equipment.
Conclusions: "It appears that MFZ (M110) processing of the primary emulsion and HMZ (HC-5000) processing of the secondary emulsion followed by filtration improved emulsion stability by decreasing droplet diameter, while maintaining high Hb encapsulation efficiency."

PB5) Large scale blood substitute production using a Microfluidizer®, Vivier, A., Vuillemard, J.C., Ackermann, H.W., Poncelet, D., Biomater. Artif Cells Immobilization Biotechnol, 20:#2 pp377 (1992).

Subject: Artificial blood.
Data: Good, positive data includes schematic diagrams.
Conclusions: "The formulation of liposomes using the Microfluidizer® resulted in high incorporation of the lipids within the membrane." "Microfluidization of a lipid suspension represents one of the most promising avenues for large scale liposome production."

PB6) Liposome encapsulated hemoglobin processing methods, Zheng,S., Zheng, Y., Beissinger, R.L., Biomat, Art. Cells & Immob. Biotech, 20:#24 pp355 (1992).

Subject: Preparation of multilamellar vesicles followed by reduction in size by microfluidization to form liposome encapsulated hemoglobin.

PB7) Measurement of yield of hemoglobin (Hb)-in-oil-in-water multiple emulsion based on Hb encapsulation efficiency. Zheng, S., Beissinger, R.L., Wasan, D.T., in J. Dispersion Science and Technology, 13(1), pp33-44 (1992), published by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Subject: Artificial blood. This study is concerned with the development of a simple and accurate method for the measurement of Hb encapsulation efficiency.

PB8) The use of liposomes for the preparation of protein-free lipid emulsions models of chylomicron remnants. Vuaridel-Bonanomi, E.S., and Weder, H.G., Microencapsulation, Vol 8, #2, pp203-214, (1991).

Subject: Preparation of unilammelar liposomes.

PB9) The stabilization of hemoglobin multiple emulsion for use as a red blood cell substitute, Zheng, S., Beissinger, R.L., and Wasan, D.T., J. of Colloid and Interface Science , 144:#1, June (1991).

Subject: Artificial Blood.
The oldest of articles listed on artificial blood by this team of authors.

PB10) Large scale production of liposomes by a Microfluidizer®, Vemuri, S., Der Yu, C.,angsatorntanakun, V., Roosdorp, N., Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 16:#15 pp2243 (1990).

Subject: Liposomes
Conclusions: "As can be seen, the Microfluidizer® drastically reduced vesicle size from 0.64 to 0.24 micron after the first pass." "In conclusion, a laboratory process can be scaledup to a production batch on the Microfluidizer with ease for the studied formulation."

PB11) A procedure for the efficient entrapment of drugs in dehydrationrehydration liposomes (DRVs), Gregoriadis, G. daSilva, H., and Florence, A.T., Intn'l J. of Pharmaceutics, 65:pp235 (1990).

PB12) The size reduction of liposomes with a high pressure homogenizer (Microfluidizer®) Characterization of prepared dispersions and comparison with conventional methods. Talsma, H., Ozer, A.Y, van Bloois, L., and Crommelin, D.J.A., Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 15(2), pp197-207, (1989). Published by Marcel Dekker, Inc..

PB13) Characterization of liposome suspensions by flow cytometry, Childers, N.K., Michalek, S.M., Eldridge, J.H., Denys, F.R., Berry, A.K., McGhee, J.R. J. of Immuno Methods (1989).

Subject: Novel means of drug delivery and immune responses using liposomes prepared with Microfluidizer® equipment

PB14) Characterization of liposomes prepared using a microemulsifier. Mayhew, E., Lazo, R., Vail, W.J., King, J., and Green A.M., Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 775 pp169-174, (1984).

Subject: Basic, general information

PB15) Large scale production of DC-Chol cationic liposomes by microfluidization., Sorgi, Frank L., Huang, Leaf.

Subject: Large scale production and testing of DC-Chol cationic liposomes using a Microfluidizer® processor.

PB16) High Yield Incorporation of Plasmid DNA within Liposomes: Effect on DNA Integrity and Transfectin Efficiency, Gregoriadis, G., Saffie, R., Hart, S.

Subject: Effective use of liposomes in gene therapy requires high yield incoporation of nucleic acids within vesicles which protect their content from nuclease attack and facilitate transfection.

PB17) Effect of Nonionic Surfactant on Transport of Surface-Active and Non-Surface-Active Model Drugs and Emulsion Stability in Triphasic Systems, N. Chidambaram and D.J. Burgess, Department of Pharmceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. AAPS Pharmsci 2000; 2 (3) article 30.

Subject: The effect of emulsion surfactant concentration on transport kinetics in emulsions using surface-active and non-surface-active model drugs is determined.

PB18) Production of Nanostructures Under Ultraturbulent Collision Reaction Conditions - Application to Catalysts, Superconductors, CMP Abrasives, Ceramics, and Other Nanoparticles. Gruverman, Irwin, J.; Thumm, Jeffrey R. Microfluidics, 30 Ossipee Road, Newton, MA 02464-9101.

Subject: The development, operation and applications of a novel continuous chemical reactor system are described using a Multiple Stream Mixer/Reactor (MMR).

PB19) Release of aminopeptidase from Lactobacillus casei sp. casei by cell disruption in a Microfluidizer®, Amantea, G.F.; Choi, H.; Laleye, L.; and Simard, R.E. Biotechnology Techniques, Vol. 11, July 1997, pp. 451-453.

Subject: assessment of cell disruption of L. casei sp. casei and the evaluation of the release of aminopeptidases using the Microfluidizer®.

PB20) Characterization of E.coli Cell Disintegrates from a Bead Mill and High Pressure Homogenizers. Agerkvist, Irene; and Enfors, Sven-Olof. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol.36, Pp. 1083-1089 (1990).

Subject: Determination of protein release, particle size distribution, and viscosity of disrupted E.coli suspensions after application of different disintegration methods.

PB21) Dynein and kinesin share an overlapping microtubule-binding site. Naoko Mizuno, Shiori Toba, Masaki Edamatsu, Junko Watai-Nishii, Nobutaka Hirokawa, Yoko Y Toyoshima, and Masahide Kikkawa, The EMBO Journal (2004) 23, 2459-2467.

Subject: Dyneins and kinesins move in opposite directions on microtubules. Research results demonstrate the dynein and kinesin share an overlapping microtubule-binding site, and imply that binding at this has an essential role for these motor proteins.